After five years, people still ask, "What do you envisage
for your blog?" The short answer is, "It's not a blog;
it's a weekly." The longer answer, which I elaborate below,
is that my hopes for it are constantly changing.
The confusion is understandable. www.economicprincipals.com
launched on March 17, 2002, about the same time that web-logs
were coming into vogue in popular culture. Until then, these
personal sites had been the province mostly of technologists
-- little more than online diaries (the term apparently was
coined in 1999).
As software evolved to make them easier to produce and more
fun to read, however, blogs have emerged as an important new
form, taking their place alongside newspapers, magazines,
radio and television as a source of news, commentary and entertainment
(and a competitor for mindshare to films and videogames).
Among their advantages are cost (they're free), timeliness
(nothing cycles more quickly), and, above all, reader feedback
(some of the best blogs have the tournament-like quality of
radio talk shows, except they are well-ordered, written down
and permanently available).
Today there are perhaps some 60 million blogs. Thanks to
the magic of search engines and collaborative filtering (a
fancy name for the array of linking mechanisms that drive
traffic from one site to another), it is possible to identify
a rough hierarchy, including a handful of star performers
in every field. Take a look at the 2007
Bloggies to get some idea of the state of the art. The
best bloggers are in love with their subject, info-omnivores,
funny, shrewd, ironic, full of opinions they are eager to
trumpet to the world, and bound by no particular rules.
In contrast, EP is
a descendent of a newspaper column, begun nearly 25 years
ago, unceremoniously shut down by The Boston Globe
in 2002. The column was well-read in Boston, well-regarded
in the news industry. I was disappointed when no other
newspaper picked it up. But soon enough, it became apparent
that newspapers themselves were about to go over a waterfall.
It turned out to be possible to continue writing at a fairly
high level on the Web, thanks to the heavy investment the
newspaper already had made in my accumulated background knowledge.
I discovered in due course that EP had ceased to be a "column"; it no longer existed in
juxtaposition to the "everything else" of a coherent whole.
It stood alone. It had become a weekly,
distributed digitally instead by mail. Gradually, I shrank
its focus, cutting out the political commentary that had been
part of diversified life on a daily newspaper, until the weekly
was only about economics and closely related topics, like
higher education and social science.
Today, EP is a relatively
rare specimen -- a reader-supported weekly distributed free
on the Internet, the idea behind it resembling that of public
radio or television. It has a distinct voice and a distinct
purpose -- to cover, from an independent perspective, as much
as time and money will permit, developments in technical economics,
and their reception. Nearly 300 people have paid $50 to subscribe
for a year. So far, the renewal rate is close to 85 percent.
Subscribers get home delivery via email on Saturday night,
a quarterly subscriber report -- and, mainly, the satisfaction
of knowing that they are enabling another 15,000 or 20,000
persons to read it every month for free, in a hundred countries
around the world.
This quality of independence, of standing apart from the
subject field, is the big difference that sets journalism
apart from sophisticated marketing. The most prominent economics
bloggers that I read have day jobs, often more than one. Their
loyalty is to the profession through which they make their
living. For example, Harvard University professor N. Gregory Mankiw posts
a daily stream of interesting and graceful content on his
site, much of it news to me; but, at bottom, Mankiw is promoting
his enthusiasms, including the Republican Party, the Harvard
economics department and his introductory textbook. Similarly,
J. Bradford DeLong, of the
University of California at Berkeley is wicked funny, penetrating,
and hardly ever shrill, but he wishes that reporters for The
Washington Post were his students and that Bill Clinton was still in
office. The author of the Freakonomics
blog, Steven Levitt, of the University of Chicago, and co-author
Stephen Dubner, energetically promote their chipper views
of their subject. Don't look for admissions against interest
from these bloggers. They are mainly burnishing their personal
brands.
Not that EP lacks
spin altogether, but rather that its ambitions resemble, in
miniature, the lofty goals of newspapers. Daily newspapers
are in the business of regularly gathering news and forming
judgments about matters of significance to their readers.
The idea is to listen to all sides, fairly present conflicting
views, and arrive at a tentative conclusion about what is
going on, and then move on. The reportorial self is supposed
to drop out of it, at least for the most part, in favor of
the interests of the reader. That is a fiction, or course,
or perhaps an ideal: we reporters all have our convictions.
But chief among them ordinarily is the notion that a certain
sort of impartiality is possible and desirable. We are civilians
in a world of professionals. The idea is to find one thing
of general interest, sometimes of major import, sometimes
of minor significance, find out which, pin it down,
go on to the next question, and altogether form a whole, a
pattern.
But finding things out takes time. The truth is that I don't
read blogs very much at all. Instead, I look at the Financial
Times, The New York Times, The New York Sun, The Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal, the local dailies (the Globe, the Boston Herald, and The Harvard Crimson), a couple of newsweeklies (Science and The Economist). To say that I read the papers would be an exaggeration;
I scan them, turning the pages, thinking that even the Web-savviest
organizations will continue to offer a paper edition for many
years to come. But I pay close attention to their coverage
of economics. And I am alert to changing fashions.
For instance, a couple of years ago I compared the economic
blogosphere to a virtual corridor, along which innumerable
professors posted clippings, cartoon, notes, etc. on their
office doors. Close, but no cigar, for the metaphor failed
to take account of the Web's potential for intense interactivity.
This phenomenon of peer review is not something new under
the sun: we have had footnotes for a long time, and always
there has been word of mouth. But the speed with which such
collaborative filtering operates on the Web is remarkable.
It is a corridor, all right, but every so often, some doors
along it swing open; we see who is going off to lunch with
whom; we are invited to listen to virtual lunch-table discussions,
and even to chime in.
Not surprisingly, these public discussions flourish best
at the up-and-coming schools. Emblematic of the excitement
at George Mason University are Robin Hanson and friends at
Overcoming
Bias; and Tyler Cowen and Alex Tabarrok at Marginal
Revolution. The Hacker
Social Science Experimental Laboratory at Caltech features
links to other leading labs around the world. Economists at
Washington University in St. Louis keep tabs on the intellectual
property debate at Against Monopoly. A
fruitful collaboration between research partners at the Copenhagen
Business School and the University of Missouri is on display
at Organizations
and Markets. And the extensive group that puts out the
Private Sector Development
Blog for the World Bank regularly demonstrates that there's
a dance -- or three -- in the old dame yet.
Thus EP's modus
operandi is much the same
as that of any news organization. I scan the major economic
journals when they come in the mail. I go to conferences,
and call on college and university departments when I am able.
I expect that people who know my interests will send me things,
and I rely on background knowledge to pick out particular
skeins, especially skeins neglected elsewhere, and give them
something like newspaper treatment. Sometimes this amounts
to serving as watchdog.
A case in point is the Harvard Russia scandal. This has been
a heartbreaker, involving not only Professors Andrei Shleifer
and Lawrence Summers, but senior administrators of Harvard
University and the economics profession itself. For a decade,
Harvard insisted that its star economist Shleifer had done
nothing wrong when he started loading up his own portfolio
with Russian investments, even as he was advising the Boris
Yeltsin government on behalf of the United States. A distinguished
federal judge in Boston decided otherwise, finding that Shleifer
had committed various forms of fraud, and ordering Harvard
to return most of the money it received for sponsoring the
ill-fated mission to Moscow. The New York Times and The Washington Post
all but ignored the extraordinary story (and so, of course,
did Mankiw, whose colleague is Shleifer, and DeLong, who worked
for Summers at the Treasury Department), but The
Wall Street Journal, Economic Principals and
Institutional Investor
gave it full play. Nor has it gone away, at least as long
as Hillary Rodham Clinton is in the 2008 presidential race.
To what extent will she depend on those who staffed her husband's
Treasury for advice?
Other times EP provides
perspective on economics from a certain distance. A
much more important story that regularly receives attention
here concerns the changes in our understanding of economic
growth that have unfolded in the last 25 years, ever
since economics began to take a serious interest in the implications
of falling costs. Long ago EP discovered that this story couldn't be laid out persuasively in newspaper
format -- it would be necessary to back off and take a longer
view. The proper forum was a book. So now the weekly has its
counterpart in book stores and libraries. Knowledge
and the Wealth of Nations: A Story of Economic Discovery,
will appear in paperback on May 14. Spanish, Italian, Swedish,
Japanese, Chinese and Taiwanese editions are in the works.
The book has not persuaded everyone of the central significance
of the "new growth theory" that is its topic. I was
reminded of this earlier this month, in the course of an interview
with Bloomberg's peripatetic Tom Keene. Why, he wanted to
know, is this book so controversial? What does Robert Solow
think of it? What do conservatives say? Is this just
bunch of latte-sippers out on the West Coast coming up with
a bunch of technological mumbo-jumbo? Thus both the
book and the theory itself continue to generate waves.
But spending much time writing in EP about the rumpus would involve a conflict. With precisely
that in mind, last year I established a separate site at www.kwonbook.com to give the
book some visibility. Starting March 20, I am going to reinvigorate
it, in order to deal with some of the issues raised by the
reception. This is not an open-ended commitment. I wrote two
newspaper columns a week for many years, and am well aware
of the extra effort required. Nevertheless, having spent ten
years on the book, I do want to clarify some of the issues
that have arisen.
Inescapably, Knowledge and the Wealth of Nations and Economic Principals pull in different directions.
One drills down deep. The other skims along the surface
of events, seeking to identify interesting developments wherever
they occur. Since this attempt to see the field whole is at
the heart of the whole enterprise, I have committed to write
another book for Norton, a somewhat broader history of technical
economics for those who are curious about how it has developed.
Meanwhile, the weekly will go forward as before, crimped
slightly because of the writing schedule. Goodness knows that
a great deal happens in economics to which EP
does not attend, or even take notice. But the idea remains
to try to be fairly even-handed -- to communicate a balanced
view.
* * *
John McMillan, professor of economics at Stanford University's
Graduate School of Business and former editor of the Journal
Economic Literature, died
last week after a valiant nine-year battle with cancer. He
was 56.
McMillan was a man of uncommon grace -- intellectual, athletic,
personal. He was the author of Games, Strategies
and Managers (Oxford,
1996) and Reinventing the Bazaar: A Natural History
of Markets (Norton, 2002).
David Kreps' obituary notice is here.